Geography Cluj County

1 geography

1.1 relief
1.2 hydrographic network
1.3 climate
1.4 natural resources
1.5 vegetation
1.6 fauna

geography

cluj county lies in northwestern half of country, between parallels 47°28 in north , 46°24 in south, meridians 23°39 in west , 24°13 in east, respectively. covers area of 6,674 km unfolded in contact zone of 3 representative natural units: apuseni mountains, someș plateau , transylvanian plain. cluj county 12th largest in country , occupies 2.8% of romania s area. bordered northeast maramureș , bistrița-năsăud counties, east mureș county, south alba county, , west bihor , sălaj counties.

relief

turda gorge



pietrele albe, vlădeasa massif

the relief rugged, constituted of hilly units belonging someș plateau and, lesser extent, of mountain portions represent northeastern part of apuseni mountains. fields missing on territory of cluj county, being replaced, step of relief, developed terraces , floodplains in lower sectors of someșul mic , arieș rivers. hilly area, extended in central northern , southern part of county, include several subunits of someș plateau (cluj, feleacu, dej hills), among individualized numerous depressions (apahida, bonțida, gilău, dej, turda, câmpia turzii) @ edge of there contact depressions (huedin , iara), @ limit of mountain. mountain sector, located in southwest, belongs apuseni, mountains group of western carpathians, represented sectors of vlădeasa massif (peak vlădeasa – 1,836 m), gilău mountains , muntele mare, narrow portions of trascău, plopiș, meseș , bihor mountains. in eastern part of cluj county, east of river alignment valea florilor–maraloiu–someșul mic, located part of hilly plain of transylvania, special unit of relief, mountainous character, partially overlapped gas-condensate domes.

hydrographic network

someșul mic in cluj-napoca

the hydrographic network represented rivers (someșul mic sw–ne direction, catchment area developed on territory of cluj county, crișul repede , lower arieș), natural lakes , ponds (cătina popii , ii, geaca, Țaga, etc.) , lakes of hydropower interest (beliș-fântânele, tarnița , gilău). in northeastern part of cluj county, someșul mic joins someșul mare, upstream of dej, forming someș river, flows tisza west.

the deep waters less represented , characterized high mineralization. relatively rich mineral springs, sulphates, calcium , sodium chloride, can found in dezmir, cojocna, gădălin, sic, gherla, leghia, someșeni, turda, etc.

climate

through location, cluj county benefits moderate continental climate. in mountain sector (vlădeasa massif , muntele mare), mean annual air temperature 2 °c, , in rest of territory 6 °c. annual thermal amplitudes have values between 17–19 °c in mountains , grow @ 23–25 °c in hilly areas, plateaus , plains.

rainfall distributed unevenly, minimal amounts in turda–câmpia turzii (about 550 mm) , maximum in vlădeasa massif (about 1,400 mm). on average, annual values of rainfall reach 600–650 mm in transylvania plain, 650–700 mm in someș plateau , on 900–1000 mm in mountainous areas.

natural resources

access tunnel in turda salt mine. geological reserve estimated @ 38,750 million tonnes of salt.

cluj county has rich , varied natural resources. iron ores came use in 1962, exploitations in căpușu mic , băișoara, being conducted on years series of geological explorations in vlaha, săvădisla , cacova ierii. fossil fuels represented brown coal exploited in ticu–dâncu–băgara area , peat, exploited in călățele–căpățâna sector. likewise, there gas-condensed dome in puini in transylvanian plain.

besides iron ore , mineral fuels, there variety of useful minerals , rocks, including: quartz in muntele mare , around someșu rece (where can found feldspar), dacites , andesites in vlădeasa massif , around morlaca, bologa, poieni, săcuieu, stolna , iara, granites in muntele mare, limestones , dolomites used fabricate binders (lime, cement), exploited in săndulești, tureni, surduc, buru, poieni, etc., calcareous tuffs of high quality quarries @ tioc–cornești, kaolin sands @ popești, topa, băgara, gârbău, etc., salt, significant reserves @ ocna dejului, turda, cojocna, sic, nireș, gravel pits on someșul mic @ gilău, florești , on lower arieș.

vegetation

thickets of sic

the vegetation heterogeneous , storeyed due prevalence of hilly , mountainous relief. in cluj county can met wide range of plant formations. sub-alpine floor, present in vlădeasa massif , muntele mare, characterized lawns midget grasses , juniper bushes. spruce forests floor, expanded on mountain slopes between 1,000–1,600 m, consists predominantly of spruce mixed fir, , deciduous forests floor develops on forms of relief, ranging 400–1,000 m, , consists of sessile forests mixed beech, hornbeam or elm. on slopes northern exposure of luna , lujerdiu valleys develop compact clusters of sessile, hornbeam, ash , elm forests. in hilly plain of transylvania appear islands of steppe, alternating patches of forests.

fauna

the fauna adapted vegetation flooring, less constant limits, due great mobility; rich in species. in forests present numerous animals of cynegetic interest, including deer, stag, bear, fox, lynx, wild boar, squirrel, , on someș valley naturally entered muskrat. around artificial lakes live series of birds (duck, coot, stork), in someș plateau , transylvanian plain colonized pheasant, , in turda gorge area lives rock eagle. mountain rivers populated trouts, graylings , nases, , in lower ones barbel , chub.