Reign Denis of Portugal

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the royal couple


in 1290, denis began pursue systematic centralisation of royal power imposing judicial reforms, instituting portuguese language official language of court, creating first university in portugal, , ridding military orders in country of foreign influences. policies encouraged economic development creation of numerous towns , trade fairs. advanced interests of portuguese merchants, , set mutual agreement fund called bolsa de comércio, first documented form of marine insurance in europe, approved on 10 may 1293. concerned development of country s infrastructure, encouraged discovery , exploitation of sulphur, silver, tin , iron mines , organised export of excess production of agricultural crops, salt, , salted fish england, flanders, , france.


denis signed first portuguese commercial agreement england in 1308, , secured contract in 1317 services of genoese merchant sailor manuel pessanha (portuguese form of italian pezagno ) hereditary admiral of fleet, understanding pessanha , successors should provide twenty genoese captains command king s galleys, founding portuguese navy.


in 1289 denis had signed agreement pope nicholas iv, swearing protect church s interests in portugal. when pope clement v allowed annihilation of knights templar throughout of europe on charges of heresy, denis created in 1319 portuguese military order, order of christ, knights survived purge. new order designed continuation of order of temple. denis negotiated clement s successor, john xxii, recognition of new order , right inherit templar assets , property.








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