History Assiniboine

1 history

1.1 history
1.2 contact europeans & fur trade
1.3 iron confederacy

history
early history

the assiniboine, along stoney of alberta, share common ancestry sioux nation. while formerly believed assiniboine originated among yanktonai division of dakota sioux, linguistic analysis indicates assiniboine , stoney form group coordinate of santee, lakota, , yankon-yanktonai, , no more related 1 of these subdivisions another. separation of assiniboine sioux must have occurred @ time prior 1640, paul le jeune names them along naduessi (sioux) in jesuit relations of year.

the assiniboine , sioux both gradually pushed westward onto plains woodlands of minnesota ojibwe, had acquired firearms french allies. later, assiniboine acquired horses via raiding , trading neighboring tribes of plains indians such crow , sioux on south.

the assiniboine developed large , powerful people horse , warrior culture; used horse hunt vast numbers of bison lived within , outside territory. @ height of power, assiniboine dominated territory ranging north saskatchewan river in north missouri river in south, , including portions of modern-day saskatchewan, alberta, , manitoba, canada; , north dakota , montana, united states of america.

contact europeans & fur trade

the first person of european descent describe assiniboine employee of hudson s bay company named henry kelsey in 1690s. later explorers , traders jean baptiste de la vérendrye , sons (1730s), anthony henday (1754–55), , alexander henry younger (1800s) confirmed assiniboine held vast territory across northern plains, including united states (which achieved independence in 1783 did not acquire plains until 1803 in louisiana purchase france.)

the assiniboine became reliable , important trading partners , middlemen fur traders , other indians, particularly british hudson s bay company , north west company, operating in western canada in vast area known rupert s land. during later 18th century , 19th century, south of border in became montana , dakota territories, assiniboine traded american fur company , competing rocky mountain fur company. assiniboine obtained guns, ammunition, metal tomahawks, metal pots, wool blankets, wool coats, wool leggings, , glass beads, other goods fur traders in exchange furs. beaver furs , bison hides commonly traded furs.

assiniboine 1851 treaty territory. (area 300)

increased contact europeans resulted in native americans contracting eurasian infectious diseases endemic among europeans. suffered epidemics high mortality, notably smallpox among assiniboine. assiniboine population crashed around 10,000 people in late 18th century around 2600 1890.

the lewis , clark expedition mounted united states in 1804-1806 explore louisiana territory, newly acquired france. expedition s journals mention assiniboine, whom party heard while returning fort clatsop down missouri river. these explorers did not encounter or come in direct contact tribe.

noted european , american painters traveled traders, explorers, , expeditions opportunity paint west , native american peoples. among encountered , painted assiniboine life painters karl bodmer, paul kane, , george catlin.

the assiniboine signed treaty of fort laramie (1851).

the iron confederacy

the assiniboine major part of alliance of northern plains indian nations known iron confederacy, or nehiyaw-pwat, known in plains cree. iron confederacy allies in fur trade, particularly hudson s bay company. members included assiniboine plains cree, saulteaux, plains ojibwe, métis, , individual iroquois people traveled west employees fur traders. other indian peoples on northern plains, such gros ventre, part of confederacy.

the confederacy became dominant force on northern plains. posed major threat indian nations not associated it, such shoshone , crow further south. members attacked european-american settlements on plains. eventual decline of fur trade , overhunting of bison herds canadian , american hunters, destroyed confederacy nations important food source, led defeat , breaking of confederacy. engaged in military action canada during north-west rebellion.