Legend and legacy Sebastian of Portugal

-


d. sebastião i; alonso sánchez coello, 1575.


after defeat @ alcácer quibir, many efforts made ransom imprisoned portuguese soldiers. several soldiers returned portugal, led many portuguese believe sebastian had survived battle , return claim throne. led sebastianism: belief sebastian return @ moment.


politically, there belief philip not rightful heir throne. subsequently, men appeared in portugal fraudulently claimed king.


during time of iberian union, between 1580 , 1640, 4 different pretenders claimed returned king sebastian. last of these pretenders, in fact italian, hanged in 1619, while obtained spanish venice, tried, found guilty , hanged in 1603.


in long term, many myths , legends sebastian appeared, principal 1 being great portuguese patriot, sleeping king return portugal in darkest hour (similar british king arthur, german frederick barbarossa or byzantine constantine xi palaeologus).


he came known symbolic names: o encoberto (the hidden one) return on foggy morning save portugal, or o desejado (the desired one).


these legends vigorously promoted through massive circulation of popular rhymes (trovas) written antónio gonçalves de bandarra.


even late 19th century, sebastianist peasants in town of canudos in brazilian sertão believed king return them in rebellion against godless brazilian republic.


sebastian s life dramatised in 1843 in opera dom sébastien italian composer gaetano donizetti. belgian playwright paul dresse dramatized life in 1975 play sébastien de portugal ou le capitaine de dieu. legend of sebastian s disappearance , alleged return basis popular song lenda d el rei d. sebastião ( legend of king sebastian ) portuguese band quarteto 1111 (1968).







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

File format Wavefront .obj file

-
1 file format 1.1 geometric vertex 1.2 parameter space vertices 1.3 face elements 1.3.1 vertex indices 1.3.2 vertex texture coordinate indices 1.3.3 vertex normal indices 1.3.4 vertex normal indices without texture coordinate indices 1.4 other geometry formats 1.5 referencing materials 1.6 relative , absolute indices file format lines beginning hash character (#) comments. # comment an obj file may contain vertex data, free-form curve/surface attributes, elements, free-form curve/surface body statements, connectivity between free-form surfaces, grouping , display/render attribute information. common elements geometric vertices, texture coordinates, vertex normals , polygonal faces: # list of geometric vertices, (x,y,z[,w]) coordinates, w optional , defaults 1.0. v 0.123 0.234 0.345 1.0 v ... ... # list of texture coordinates, in (u, v [,w]) coordinates, these vary between 0 , 1, w optional , defaults 0. vt 0.500 1 [0] vt ... ... # list of vertex normals in (x,y,z) for...
Read more

CEFR alignment Euroexam International

-
table 1 - euroexam cefr equivalence euroexam provides tests of communicative english language proficiency @ 5 of 6 levels of cefr, practical tool language professionals evaluate different linguistic competencies of ‘can do’ descriptors. euroexams written, marked, , results calibrated based on cefr levels. means euroexam c1 level pass equivalent other exam board’s c1 level pass, example ielts 6.5 no element less 5.5., or cambridge english language assessment s 180 or cae grade c. (see table 1) euroexams has been directly involved in number of cefr development projects, last of in 2016. euroexam employs combination of internal , independent research support claim of equivalence cefr , other major exams.
Read more

Books Soma Valliappan

-
1 books 1.1 hr, investment , management 1.2 columns 1.3 creative writing books hr, investment , management valliyappan’s first book, thittamiduvom vetriperuvom, dealt self-development, published in year 2002. first book did in market , continued authoring books such thottathellam ponnaagum, kaalam ungal kaladiyil etc. introduced many specialized subjects in management tamil readers. valliyappan’s alla alla panam, published in august 2004 kizhakku publishers (new horizon media), created new record of sorts in tamil publishing world. book sold ten thousand copies in first few months of launch, unheard of investment book in tamil. in 2010, book’s sale crossed 1 lakh mark. following phenomenal success of alla alla panam, (aap) introduced basics of stock market, went ahead , wrote 4 more books on different aspects of stock market , investment technical & fundamental analysis (aap-2), futures , options( aap-3), portfolio management (aap-4) , trading (aap-5). soon, valliyappan became name...
Read more