Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pharmacometabolomics

nmr spectroscopy has been utilized analysis of biological samples since 1980s, , can used effective technique identification , quantification of both known , unknown metabolites. details on principles of technique, see nmr spectroscopy. in pharmacometabolomics analyses, nmr advantageous because minimal sample preparation required. isolated patient samples typically include blood or urine due minimally-invasive acquisition, however, other fluid types , solid tissue samples have been studied approach. due minimal preparation of samples before analysis, samples can recovered following nmr analysis. permits samples repeatedly processed extremely high levels of reproducibility, maintaining precious patient samples alternative analysis. high reproducibility , precision of nmr, coupled relatively fast processing time (greater 100 samples per day), makes process relatively high-throughput form of sample analysis. 1 disadvantage of technique relatively poor metabolite detection sensitivity compared ms-based analysis, leading requirement greater initial sample volume. furthermore, initial instrument costs extremely high, both nmr , ms equipment.