Arena and hypogeum Colosseum

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the colosseum arena, showing hypogeum filled walls. walls added in colosseum s existence when decided no longer flooded , used naval battles.



latin inscription in colosseum


the arena 83 meters 48 meters (272 ft 157 ft / 280 163 roman feet). comprised wooden floor covered sand (the latin word sand harena or arena), covering elaborate underground structure called hypogeum (literally meaning underground ). hypogeum not part of original construction ordered built emperor domitian. little remains of original arena floor, hypogeum still visible. consisted of two-level subterranean network of tunnels , cages beneath arena gladiators , animals held before contests began. eighty vertical shafts provided instant access arena caged animals , scenery pieces concealed underneath; larger hinged platforms, called hegmata, provided access elephants , like. restructured on numerous occasions; @ least twelve different phases of construction can seen.



detail of hypogeum


the hypogeum connected underground tunnels number of points outside colosseum. animals , performers brought through tunnel nearby stables, gladiators barracks @ ludus magnus east being connected tunnels. separate tunnels provided emperor , vestal virgins permit them enter , exit colosseum without needing pass through crowds.


substantial quantities of machinery existed in hypogeum. elevators , pulleys raised , lowered scenery , props, lifting caged animals surface release. there evidence existence of major hydraulic mechanisms , according ancient accounts, possible flood arena rapidly, presumably via connection nearby aqueduct. however, construction of hypogeum @ domitian s behest put end practise of flooding, , naval battles, in colosseum s existence.








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