In tropical climates Forest gardening

1 in tropical climates

1.1 americas
1.2 africa
1.3 nepal

in tropical climates

forest gardens, or home gardens, common in tropics, using intercropping cultivate trees, crops, , livestock on same land. in kerala in south india in northeastern india, home garden common form of land use , found in indonesia. 1 example combines coconut, black pepper, cocoa , pineapple. these gardens exemplify polyculture, , conserve crop genetic diversity , heirloom plants not found in monocultures. forest gardens have been loosely compared religious concept of garden of eden.

americas

the bbc s unnatural histories claimed amazon rainforest, rather being pristine wilderness, has been shaped humans @ least 11,000 years through practices such forest gardening , terra preta. explored in bestselling book 1491 author charles c. mann. since 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land in amazon rainforest, furthering evidence pre-columbian civilizations.

on yucatán peninsula, of maya food supply grown in orchard-gardens , known pet kot. system takes name low wall of stones (pet meaning circular , kot wall of loose stones) characteristically surrounds gardens.

africa

in many african countries, example zambia, zimbabwe, ethiopia , tanzania, gardens widespread in rural, periurban , urban areas , play essential role in establishing food security. known chaga or chagga gardens on slopes of mt. kilimanjaro in tanzania. these excellent example of agroforestry system. in many countries, women main actors in home gardening , food produced subsistence. in north-africa, oasis layered gardening palm trees, fruit trees , vegetables traditional type of forest garden.

nepal

in nepal, ghar bagaincha, literally home garden , refers traditional land use system around homestead, several species of plants grown , maintained household members , products intended family consumption (shrestha et al., 2002). term “home garden” considered synonymous kitchen garden. however, differ in terms of function, size, diversity, composition , features (sthapit et al., 2006). in nepal, 72% of households have home gardens of area 2–11% of total land holdings (gautam et al., 2004). because of small size, government has never identified home gardens important unit of food production , thereby remain neglected research , development. however, @ household level system important important source of quality food , nutrition rural poor and, therefore, important contributors household food security , livelihoods of farming communities in nepal. gardens typically cultivated mixture of annual , perennial plants can harvested on daily or seasonal basis. biodiversity has immediate value maintained in home gardens women , children have easy access preferred food. home gardens, intensive , multiple uses, provide safety net households when food scarce. these gardens not important sources of food, fodder, fuel, medicines, spices, herbs, flowers, construction materials , income in many countries, important in situ conservation of wide range of unique genetic resources food , agriculture (subedi et al., 2004). many uncultivated, neglected , underutilised species make important contribution dietary diversity of local communities (gautam et al., 2004).

in addition supplementing diet in times of difficulty, home gardens promote whole-family , whole-community involvement in process of providing food. children, elderly, , caring them can participate in infield agriculture, incorporating other household tasks , scheduling. tradition has existed in many cultures around world thousands of years.