Biography Niccolò di Pitigliano

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1 biography

1.1 years
1.2 career condottiero
1.3 in venetian service , war of league of cambrai





biography
early years

niccolò di pitigliano born in pitigliano, in maremma, son of aldobrandino paioletti ll, count of pitigliano , wife bartolomea. descendant of romano [ romanello ] orsini, count of nola, had acquired signoria of tiny tuscan citystate of pitigliano in 1293 marrying anastasia de montfort, heiress of aldobrandeschi lords of city. parents both came different branches of orsini clan.


equipped reputation comes famous name, connections , dynastic links many of ruling families of italy, , own private fief base, both niccolò paioletti, , father aldobrandino paioletti made careers mercenaries taking condotte (mercenary contracts) florence, siena, pope, , kingdom of naples @ various times.


career condottiero

a chronological list of niccolò di pitigliano s contracts shows him moving among same employers , taking service same state more once.


niccolò di pitigliano s significant condotte follows:



1458 – papacy
1463 – kingdom of naples
1473 – florence, rank of field marshal of republic
1481 – kingdom of naples
1482 – papacy
1485 – florence, rank of captain general of republic (florence s highest military rank)
1489 – papacy, captain general of church
1495 – venice

in venetian service , war of league of cambrai

from 1495 until end of life niccolò di pitigliano remained in venetian service governatore generale delle milizie veneziane (governor general of venetian forces). highpoint of career role played in war between venetian republic , league of cambrai.


in first decade of sixteenth century pope julius ii planned curb power of venice in northern italy , had, end, created league of cambrai (named after cambrai, negotiations took place), alliance against republic included, besides himself, louis xii of france, emperor maximilian i, , ferdinand of spain.


on 15 april 1509, king louis xii of france left milan @ head of french army , moved rapidly venetian territory. oppose him, venice fielded army under command of niccolò di pitigliano , cousin bartolomeo d alviano (also scion of orsini clan).


disagreements between pitigliano , alviano best way stop french advance prevented 2 uniting forces oppose french. consequently, when louis crossed adda river in may , alviano advanced meet him, pitigliano, believing best avoid pitched battle, moved away south.


on 14 may, alviano confronted french @ battle of agnadello; outnumbered, sent requests reinforcements cousin, replied orders break off battle , continued on way. alviano, disregarding new orders, continued engagement; army surrounded , destroyed.


pitigliano managed avoid encountering louis; mercenary troops, hearing of alviano s defeat, had deserted in large numbers next morning, forcing him retreat treviso remnants of venetian army.


the venetian collapse complete; louis proceeded occupy venetian territory far east brescia without encountering significant resistance. major cities had not been occupied french—padua, verona, , vicenza—were left undefended pitigliano s withdrawal, , surrendered maximilian when imperial emissaries arrived in veneto.



tomb of nicholas orsini, brescia, santa giulia museum



equestrian statue of niccolò orsini in san zanipolo


julius, having in meantime issued interdict against venice excommunicated every citizen of republic, invaded romagna , seized ravenna assistance of duke of ferrara, had joined league , seized polesine himself.


the newly arrived imperial governors, however, proved unpopular. in mid-july, citizens of padua, aided detachments of venetian cavalry under command of proveditor andrea gritti, revolted; landsknechts garrisoning city few in number mount effective resistance , padua restored venetian control on 17 july.


the success of revolt pushed maximilian action. in august, massive imperial army, accompanied bodies of french , spanish troops, set out trento veneto. because of lack of horses, general disorganization, maximilian s forces not reach padua until september, giving pitigliano time concentrate such troops still available him in city. siege of padua began on 15 september; although french , imperial artillery breached padua s walls, defenders managed hold city until maximilian, growing impatient, lifted siege on 30 september , withdrew tyrol main part of army.


in mid-november, pitigliano returned offensive; venetian troops defeated remaining imperial forces, capturing vicenza, este, feltre, , belluno. although subsequent attack on verona failed, pitigliano managed destroy papal army under francesco ii of gonzaga in process.


a river attack on ferrara venetian galley fleet under angelo trevisan failed, however, when venetian ships, anchored in po river, sunk ferrarese artillery; , new french advance forced pitigliano withdraw padua once again.


the war of league of cambrai continued, in january 1510 niccolò di pitigliano died in lonigo. interred in basilica di san giovanni e paolo, traditional burial place of doges.








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