Mass graves of 1917 Kremlin Wall Necropolis

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november 10, 1917. mass grave on red square


in july 1917, hundreds of soldiers of russian northern front arrested mutiny , desertion , locked in daugavpils (then dvinsk) fortress. later, 869 dvinsk inmates transported moscow. here, jailed soldiers launched hunger strike; public support them threatened develop in citywide riot. on september 22, 593 inmates released; rest left behind bars until october revolution. released soldiers, collectively called dvintsy, stayed in city cohesive unit, based in zamoskvorechye district , openly hostile ruling provisional government. after october revolution in saint petersburg, dvintsy became strike force of bolsheviks in moscow. late @ night of october 27–28 detachment of around 2 hundred men marching north tverskaya street confronted loyalist forces near state historical museum on red square. in fighting 70 of dvintsy, including company commander sapunov, killed @ barricades.


on following day loyalists, led colonel konstantin ryabtsev, succeeded in taking on kremlin. gunned down surrendered red soldiers @ kremlin arsenal wall. more killed bolsheviks stormed kremlin, taking control on night of november 2–3. street fighting settled down after having claimed thousand lives, , on november 4 new bolshevik administration decreed dead buried @ red square next kremlin wall, indeed of them killed.



voices reached across immense place, , sound of picks , shovels. crossed over. mountains of dirt , rock piled high near base of wall. climbing these looked down 2 massive pits, ten or fifteen feet deep , fifty yards long, hundreds of soldiers , workers digging in light of huge fires. young student spoke in german. “the brotherhood grave,” explained.

– john reed, ten days shook world.



a total of 238 dead buried in mass graves between senate , nikolskaya towers in public funeral on november 10 (john reed incorrectly mentions 500); 2 more victims buried on november 14 , 17. youngest, pavel andreyev, 14 years old. of 240 pro-revolution martyrs of october–november fighting 20, including 12 of dvintsy, identified in official listing of moscow heritage commission. of march, 2009, 3 moscow streets remain named after these individual victims, dvintsev street named after dvintsy force.


the loyalists secured permit publicly bury dead on november 13. funeral started @ old moscow state university building near kremlin; thirty-seven dead interred @ vsekhsvyatskoye cemetery (now demolished) in suburban sokol district.








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