Morphology Mbula language

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1 morphology

1.1 inflectional morphology

1.1.1 verbal inflection
1.1.2 inflection of inalienable nouns
1.1.3 pronoun inflection


1.2 derivational morphology





morphology

word structure in mbula language not complex. there little inflection of both nouns , verbs , few derivational processes. words in mbula language mono-morphemic. multi-morphemic words can formed via following processes:



indexing on verbs person , number of subject
inflection of inalienable nouns person , number of genitives
reduplication
derivation of predicates increase or decrease transitivity
compounding
nominalisation

these processes discussed below.


inflectional morphology

the types of inflectional processes in language on verbs person , number of subject, inflection of inalienable nouns person , number of genitives pronoun person/number distinctions.


verbal inflection

verbs typically index person , number of subject of sentence following set of subject prefixes:


1sg - ang


2sg - nothing ~ ku


3sg - i


1pl.inc - t


1pl.exc - am


2pl - k


3pl - ti


inflection of inalienable nouns

mbula contains class of nouns obligatorily inflected genitive suffixes. inalienable describes semantic nature of nouns. is, semantically considered in speakers’ minds inalienable or inseparable something. examples include body parts , family members – concepts exist in relation else, way edge cannot exist without being edge of something. following list of genitive suffixes:


gen.1sg - ng


gen.2sg - m


gen.3sg - vnv


gen.1pl.inc - ndv


gen.1pl.inc - yam


gen.2pl - yom


gen.3pl - n


pronoun inflection

pronouns in mbula inflect first, second , third person singular, dual , plural, inclusive , exclusive in first person. change depending on whether in nominative, accusative, referent or locative case. following table details paradigm:



derivational morphology

the following types of derivation occur in mbula: compounding of nouns , verbs, creation of nouns means other compounding, derivational devices alter transitivity of verbs, reduplication , other minor processes. compounding not productive process in mbula though far more common in verbs in nouns. verbs can compound adverbs, nouns , other verbs create verbs. nouns more derived nominalising suffix -nga. when combined adverbs yields stative nouns, nouns can either signal intensification of meaning or slight change in meaning (with no intensification), turns stative verbs stative nouns , dynamic verbs nouns. semantically, -nga derivations tend convey idea of generic, habitual or characteristic actions. further nominalisation suffix -i exists far less productive -nga. transitivity of predicates can altered addition of 1 or more of following prefixes: pa, par, m , these extremely productive processes. finally, reduplication can result in 1 of following meanings: plurality, distribution, intensification, diminution or habitual-durative action (action somehow extended).







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