World War II Karelian Isthmus

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mannerheim line of winter war

















december 1939. soviet tanks advancing



december 1939. karelian evacuees muolaa municipality on way west-finland


a number of defensive lines crossed isthmus during soviet-finnish hostilities in world war ii, such mannerheim line, vkt-line, vt-line, main line (finnish) , kaur (soviet), , fronts moved , forth on it.


in november 1939, soviet union staged shelling of mainila , invaded finland in became known winter war, took disproportionally heavy death toll on red army. in february 1940 did soviet forces manage penetrate mannerheim line across isthmus, strength of exaggerated. finland ceded karelian isthmus , ladoga karelia soviet union in peace of moscow of march 12. according protocol appended moscow peace treaty, fighting ended @ noon (leningrad time), march 13, , march 26 finnish troops had been withdrawn. entire karelian population of ceded areas of 422 thousand people evacuated other parts of finland (see evacuation of finnish karelia). on march 31 of ceded territories incorporated karelo-finnish ssr decision of supreme council of soviet union (in karelian isthmus districts of jääski, kexholm , vyborg). districts of kanneljärvi, koivisto , rautu town of terijoki were, however, included leningrad oblast.



finnish defensive lines of continuation war


in 1941, during world war ii, germany invaded soviet union in operation barbarossa. few days later continuation war known in finland (it considered front of great patriotic war in soviet union , russia) started. finland regained lost territory, reaching russian side of border of 1939 , seen russians indirectly contributing siege of leningrad (see finnish reconquest of karelian isthmus (1941)). 260,000 karelian evacuees returned home.


on 9 june 1944, strong soviet forces opened vyborg offensive , pushed front pre-1939 border vyborg in ten days. returned karelians evacuated finland again. in battle of tali-ihantala, 25 june–9 july, finns concentrated military strength , brought offensive halt @ river vuoksi, in northwesternmost part of isthmus, @ closest point 40 kilometres border of 1940. moscow armistice ending war signed on september 19, 1944. entire isthmus became soviet, although of has never been captured soviets in battles. time ceded territories of karelian isthmus (including districts of jääski, kexholm , vyborg) incorporated leningrad oblast (unlike ladoga karelia, remained within karelo-finnish ssr). border of moscow peace treaty (1940) recognized finland again in peace of paris, 1947.









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