Detection and classification Forensic toxicology

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1 detection , classification

1.1 gas chromatography
1.2 detection of metals
1.3 nonvolatile organic substances





detection , classification

detection of drugs , pharmaceuticals in biological samples done initial screening , confirmation of compound(s), may include quantitation of compound(s). screening , confirmation usually, not necessarily, done different analytical methods. every analytical method used in forensic toxicology should tested performing validation of method ensure correct , indisputable results @ times. testing laboratory involved in forensic toxicology should adhere quality programme ensure best possible results , safety of individual.


the choice of method testing highly dependent on kind of substance 1 expects find , material on testing performed. biological samples more complex analyze because of factors such matrix effect , metabolism , conjugation of target compounds.


gas chromatography

gas-liquid chromatography of particular use in examining volatile organic compounds.


detection of metals

the compounds suspected of containing metal traditionally analyzed destruction of organic matrix chemical or thermal oxidation. leaves metal identified , quantified in inorganic residue, , can detected using such methods reinsch test, emission spectroscopy or x-ray diffraction. unfortunately, while identifies metals present removes original compound, , hinders efforts determine may have been ingested. toxic effects of various metallic compounds can vary considerably.


nonvolatile organic substances

drugs, both prescribed , illicit, pesticides, natural products, pollutants , industrial compounds of common nonvolatile compounds encountered. screening methods include thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography , immunoassay. complete legal identification, second confirmatory test required. trend today use liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, preceded sample workup liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase extraction. older methods include: spot test (see pill testing), typically marquis reagent, mecke reagent, , froehde s reagent opiates, marquis reagent , simon s reagent amphetamine, methamphetamine , other analogs, mdma, scott s test cocaine, , modified duquenois reagent marijuana , other cannabinoids. compounds don t have common spot test, benzodiazepines, test may used, typically mass spectrometry, or spectrophotometry.







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