Directive Principles of State Policy Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India

the directive principles of state policy, embodied in part iv of constitution, directions given state guide establishment of economic , social democracy, proposed preamble. set forth humanitarian , socialist instructions aim of social revolution envisaged in india constituent assembly. state expected keep these principles in mind while framing laws , policies, though non-justiciable in nature. directive principles may classified under following categories: ideals state ought strive towards achieving; directions exercise of legislative , executive power; , rights of citizens state must aim towards securing.

despite being non-justiciable, directive principles act check on state; theorised yardstick in hands of electorate , opposition measure performance of government @ time of election. article 37, while stating directive principles not enforceable in court of law, declares them fundamental governance of country , imposes obligation on state apply them in matters of legislation. thus, serve emphasise welfare state model of constitution , emphasise positive duty of state promote welfare of people affirming social, economic , political justice, fight income inequality , ensure individual dignity, mandated article 38.

article 39 lays down principles of policy followed state, including providing adequate means of livelihood citizens, equal pay equal work men , women, proper working conditions, reduction of concentration of wealth , means of production hands of few, , distribution of community resources subserve common . these clauses highlight constitutional objectives of building egalitarian social order , establishing welfare state, bringing social revolution assisted state, , have been used support nationalisation of mineral resources public utilities. further, several legislation pertaining agrarian reform , land tenure have been enacted federal , state governments, in order ensure equitable distribution of land resources.

articles 41–43 mandate state endeavour secure citizens right work, living wage, social security, maternity relief, , decent standard of living. these provisions aim @ establishing socialist state envisaged in preamble. article 43 places upon state responsibility of promoting cottage industries, , federal government has, in furtherance of this, established several boards promotion of khadi, handlooms etc., in coordination state governments. article 39a requires state provide free legal aid ensure opportunities securing justice available citizens irrespective of economic or other disabilities. article 43a mandates state work towards securing participation of workers in management of industries. state, under article 46, mandated promote interests of , work economic uplift of scheduled castes , scheduled tribes , protect them discrimination , exploitation. several enactments, including 2 constitutional amendments, have been passed give effect provision.

article 44 encourages state secure uniform civil code citizens, eliminating discrepancies between various personal laws in force in country. however, has remained dead letter despite numerous reminders supreme court implement provision. article 45 mandated state provide free , compulsory education children between ages of 6 , fourteen years, after 86th amendment in 2002, has been converted fundamental right , replaced obligation upon state secure childhood care children below age of six. article 47 commits state raise standard of living , improve public health, , prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks , drugs injurious health. consequence, partial or total prohibition has been introduced in several states, financial constraints have prevented full-fledged application. state mandated article 48 organise agriculture , animal husbandry on modern , scientific lines improving breeds , prohibiting slaughter of cattle. article 48a mandates state protect environment , safeguard forests , wildlife of country, while article 49 places obligation upon state ensure preservation of monuments , objects of national importance. article 50 requires state ensure separation of judiciary executive in public services, in order ensure judicial independence, , federal legislation has been enacted achieve objective. state, according article 51, must strive promotion of international peace , security, , parliament has been empowered under article 253 make laws giving effect international treaties.