French involvement Battle of N'Djamena (2008)

-


french soldiers guarding hotel m2 machine gun


at beginning of 2008 battle, french soldiers evacuated hundreds of french citizens , other foreigners libreville in gabon, while hundreds more came under french military protection @ 5 assembly points in n djamena. included 103 un aid workers, 150 have left in total. according french military, had evacuated 580 foreign nationals february 3, leaving 320 airlifted on february 4. in total, 1,300 foreigners evacuated france during battle. france volunteered evacuate president déby on february 3, offer rejected.


there brief exchange of fire on february 2 between rebels , french soldiers guarding international airport, used french evacuate people, housed 4 chadian army helicopters. french mirage f1 fighters conducted reconnaissance flights on rebel positions, february 3 6 aircraft operating n djamena moved libreville safety. on february 4 2 mirage fighters returned , continued reconnaissance flights. rebels accused these planes of opening fire, reports unconfirmed. france denied taking part in combat during battle.


in declaration on february 4, united nations security council called on member-states chadian government. interpreted support french intervention. pronouncement not strong france had wanted. rebels saw declaration abuse france of un s potential role in negotiations. on february 5 president sarkozy said french ready intervene militarily if need be. france had provided chadian government medical , logistic support , intelligence during battle. french newspaper la croix cited french diplomats , servicemen on february 7, reported french officers had coordinated chadian attack on rebel column in massaguet on february 1, provided information on rebel movements, delivered munitions through libya, , sent special forces fight rebels in capital. use of special forces denied french foreign minister bernard kouchner following day.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

File format Wavefront .obj file

-
1 file format 1.1 geometric vertex 1.2 parameter space vertices 1.3 face elements 1.3.1 vertex indices 1.3.2 vertex texture coordinate indices 1.3.3 vertex normal indices 1.3.4 vertex normal indices without texture coordinate indices 1.4 other geometry formats 1.5 referencing materials 1.6 relative , absolute indices file format lines beginning hash character (#) comments. # comment an obj file may contain vertex data, free-form curve/surface attributes, elements, free-form curve/surface body statements, connectivity between free-form surfaces, grouping , display/render attribute information. common elements geometric vertices, texture coordinates, vertex normals , polygonal faces: # list of geometric vertices, (x,y,z[,w]) coordinates, w optional , defaults 1.0. v 0.123 0.234 0.345 1.0 v ... ... # list of texture coordinates, in (u, v [,w]) coordinates, these vary between 0 , 1, w optional , defaults 0. vt 0.500 1 [0] vt ... ... # list of vertex normals in (x,y,z) for...
Read more

CEFR alignment Euroexam International

-
table 1 - euroexam cefr equivalence euroexam provides tests of communicative english language proficiency @ 5 of 6 levels of cefr, practical tool language professionals evaluate different linguistic competencies of ‘can do’ descriptors. euroexams written, marked, , results calibrated based on cefr levels. means euroexam c1 level pass equivalent other exam board’s c1 level pass, example ielts 6.5 no element less 5.5., or cambridge english language assessment s 180 or cae grade c. (see table 1) euroexams has been directly involved in number of cefr development projects, last of in 2016. euroexam employs combination of internal , independent research support claim of equivalence cefr , other major exams.
Read more

Books Soma Valliappan

-
1 books 1.1 hr, investment , management 1.2 columns 1.3 creative writing books hr, investment , management valliyappan’s first book, thittamiduvom vetriperuvom, dealt self-development, published in year 2002. first book did in market , continued authoring books such thottathellam ponnaagum, kaalam ungal kaladiyil etc. introduced many specialized subjects in management tamil readers. valliyappan’s alla alla panam, published in august 2004 kizhakku publishers (new horizon media), created new record of sorts in tamil publishing world. book sold ten thousand copies in first few months of launch, unheard of investment book in tamil. in 2010, book’s sale crossed 1 lakh mark. following phenomenal success of alla alla panam, (aap) introduced basics of stock market, went ahead , wrote 4 more books on different aspects of stock market , investment technical & fundamental analysis (aap-2), futures , options( aap-3), portfolio management (aap-4) , trading (aap-5). soon, valliyappan became name...
Read more