Early modern era Women in medicine

1 modern era

1.1 historic women s medical schools
1.2 historic hospitals significant female involvement
1.3 pioneering women in modern medicine

1.3.1 18th century
1.3.2 19th century
1.3.3 20th century

early modern era

in modern era, following middle ages, accuracy in documentation of women present in health field increased. increase in documentation gave clear representation of women engaged in healthcare of london residents.

historic women s medical schools

when women routinely forbidden medical school, sought form own medical schools.

new england female medical college, boston, founded in 1848.
woman s medical college of pennsylvania (founded 1850 female medical college of pennsylvania)
london school of medicine women (founded 1874 sophia jex-blake)
edinburgh school of medicine women (founded 1886 sophia jex-blake)
first pavlov state medical university of st. petersburg (founded 1897 female medical university)
tokyo women s medical university (founded 1900 yoshioka yayoi)
hackett medical college women, guangzhou, china, founded in 1902 presbyterian church (usa).

historic hospitals significant female involvement

woman s hospital of philadelphia, founded in 1861, provided clinical experience woman s medical college of pennsylvania students
new england hospital women , children (now called dimock community health center), founded in 1862 women doctors exclusive use of women , children
new hospital women (founded in 1870s elizabeth garrett anderson , run largely women, women)
south london hospital women , children (founded 1912 eleanor davies-colley , maud chadburn; closed 1984; employed all-woman staff)

pioneering women in modern medicine
18th century

dorothea erxleben (1715–1762), first female doctor granted m.d. in germany.
james miranda barry (179?-1865), renowned female doctor passed man gain medical education , practice medicine.

19th century

dolors aleu riera (1857–1913), first female medical doctor spain, 1879.
annie lowrie alexander (1864–1929), first licensed female physician in southern united states
elizabeth garrett anderson (1836–1917), pioneering female doctor , feminist in britain; co-founder of london school of medicine women.
lovisa Årberg (1801–1881), first female doctor , surgeon in sweden.
amalia assur (1803–1889), first female dentist in sweden , possibly europe.
elizabeth blackwell (1821–1910), first woman graduate medical school in us; md 1849, geneva college, new york.
madeleine brès (1839–1925), first french female md
milica Šviglin Čavov (b. unknown, circa 1870s), first croatian female doctor. graduated medical school in zürich in 1893, not allowed work in croatia.
margaret cleaves (1848–1917), pioneering doctor in brachytherapy; m.d. 1873.
rebecca lee crumpler, (8 february 1831 – 9 march 1895), first african american female physician in united states, awarded m.d. in 1864 new england female medical college in boston.
maria cuțarida-crătunescu (1857–1919) first female doctor in romania


maria cuțarida-crătunescu, first female doctor in romania, 1857-1919. stamp of romania, 2007.



bertha de vriese (1877–1958), first belgian woman obtain medical degree ghent university.
eloísa díaz (1866-1950), first chilean woman graduate medicine in universidad de chile. graduated on december 27, 1886 , obtained degree on january 3, 1887.
marie durocher (1809–1893), brazilian obstetrician, midwife , physician. first female doctor in americas.
marie equi (1872–1952), american doctor , activist women s access birth control , abortion.
anne walter fearn (1865-1938) doctor in shanghai, china, 40 years.
selma feldbach (may 5, 1878 - april 2, 1924) first estonian woman become medical doctor.
kadambini ganguly (1861–1923), first indian woman obtain medical degree in india having graduated calcutta medical college in 1886.
vera gedroitz (1870–1932), first professorix of surgery in world
ogino ginko (1851-1913), first licensed , practicing female physician of western medicine in japan.
anastasia golovina, known anastassya nikolau berladsky-golovina, , atanasya golovina (1850-1933), first bulgarian female doctor.
alice hamilton (february 27, 1869 – september 22, 1970) american physician, research scientist, , author best known leading expert in field of occupational health and pioneer in field of industrial toxicology. first woman appointed faculty of harvard university. 
rosina heikel (1842 - 1929), first female physician in finland (1878), first in nordic countries, md , feminist.
matilde hidalgo (1889–1974), first ecuadorian woman have obtained medical degree.
frances hoggan (1843–1927), first british woman receive doctorate in medicine (1870).
marie spångberg holth (1865-1942), first woman graduate in medicine in norway, occurred in 1893, when graduated royal frederiks university of christiania.
ana galvis hotz (1855-1934), first colombian woman, , latin america, obtain medical degree.
elsie inglis (1864–1917) pioneering scottish doctor , suffragist, born in india. md edinburgh school of medicine women, worked @ rotunda hospital, dublin
aletta jacobs (1854-1929), first woman complete university course in netherlands, , first dutch female md.
ana janer (b. unknown), 1 of first 4 women puerto rico earn medical degree; other 3 maría elisa rivera díaz in 1909, palmira gatell in 1910, , dolores piñero in 1913. ana janer , maría elisa rivera díaz graduated in same medical school class in 1909 , both considered first female puerto rican physician.
sophia jex-blake (1840-1912), english physician, feminist , teacher.
anandi gopal joshi (1865-1887), first indian woman obtain medical degree having graduated woman s medical college of pennsylvania in 1886.
bohuslava kecková (1854-1911), first bohemian (czech) woman obtain medical degree in 1880 university of zurich.
sun chau lee (周理信, 1890-1979), 1 of first female chinese doctors of western medicine in china.
hope bridges adams lehmann (1855-1916), first female general practitioner , gynecologist in munich, germany.
karola maier milobar (born 1876), became first female physician practice in croatia in 1906.
maria montessori (1870–1952), 1 of first female mds in italy; renowned educator
hannah myrick (1871–1973), helped introduce use of x-rays @ new england hospital women , children
concepción palacios herrera (1893-1981), first female physician in nicaragua.
ernestina paper (b. unknown, circa mid-1800s), first italian woman receive advanced degree (in medicine), 1877.
edith pechey-phipson (1845–1908), pioneering english doctor in india; md 1877, university of bern , licentiate in midwifery, 1877 royal college of physicians of ireland.
susan la flesche picotte (1865-1915), first native american woman obtain medical degree.
ann preston, (1813–1872), first female dean of medical school.
muthulakshmi reddi (1886–1968), 1 of female medical doctors in india , major social reformer.
bertha e. reynolds (1868-1961), among first women licensed practice medicine in wisconsin, serving rural communities of lone rock , avoca.
maría elisa rivera díaz (b. 1887), 1 of first 4 women puerto rico earn medical degree (which did in 1909); other 3 ana janer in 1909, palmira gatell in 1910, , dolores piñero in 1913. maría elisa rivera díaz , ana janer graduated in same medical school class in 1909 , both considered first female puerto rican physician.
laura esther rodriguez dulanto (1872–1919), first peruvian woman have obtained medical degree.
andrea evangelina rodríguez perozo (1879-1947), first female medical school graduate in dominican republic.
florence sabin (1871-1953), first woman elected national academy of sciences.
mary scharlieb (1845-1930), pioneer british female physician.
constance stone (1856-1902), first woman practice medicine in australia.
nadezhda suslova (1843–1918), first russian female md, graduate of zurich university
ah-hsin tsai (1899-1990), colonial taiwan s first female physician.
lucy hobbs taylor (1833–1910), first female dentist in united states.
anna petronella van heerden (1887–1975), first afrikaner woman qualify medical doctor. thesis, obtained doctorate on in 1923, first medical thesis written in afrikaans.
emma k. willits (1869–1965), believed third woman specialize in surgery , first head department of general surgery @ children s hospital in san francisco, 1921-1934.
yoshioka yayoi (1871–1959), 1 of first women gain medical degree in japan; founded medical school women in 1900.

20th century

safieh ali (1900-1952), first turkish woman have obtained medical degree.
kornelija sertić (b. unknown, circa 1900), first woman graduate medical school in zagreb, occurred in 1923.
henriette bùi quang chiêu (1906-2012), first female doctor in vietnam.
yvonne sylvain (1907-1989), first female doctor in haiti. first woman accepted medical school of university of haiti, , earned medical degree there in 1940.
virginia apgar (1909–1974), significant work in anesthesiology , teratology; founded field of neonatology; first woman granted full professorship @ columbia university college of physicians & surgeons.
elizabeth abimbola awoliyi (1910-1971), first female physician in nigeria.
badri teymourtash (1911–1989), first iranian female medical doctor, educated in united states , belgium.
alma dea morani (1907-2001), first woman admitted american society of plastic , reconstructive surgeons
margaret allen, first female heart transplant surgeon in usa - transplant performed in 1985
jane elizabeth hodgson (1915–2006), pioneering provider of reproductive healthcare women , advocate women s rights.
susan gyankorama de-graft johnson (1917-1985), first woman qualify physician in colonial ghana.
mary malahele-xakana (1917-1982), first black woman register medical doctor in south africa (in 1947).
susan gyankorama de-graft johnson (1917-1985), first woman qualify physician in colonial ghana.
salma ismail (1918–2014), first malay woman qualify doctor.
estela gavidia (b. unknown, circa 1920), first woman graduate doctor in el salvador, occurred in 1945.
barbara ross-lee (b. 1942), first african american female dean of u.s. medical school (1993), ohio university college of osteopathic medicine.
rehana kausar (b. mid-20th century), first woman doctor azad kashmir graduate medical schoo in pakistan, occurred in 1971.
nancy dickey (b. 1950), first female president of american medical association
madeline nyamwanza-makonese (b. unknown, mid-20th century), first zimbabwean female doctor, second african woman become doctor, , first african woman graduate university of rhodesia medical school.
nancy c. andrews (b. 1958), first female dean of top ten medical school in united states (2007), duke university school of medicine.
clara raquel epstein (b. 1963), first mexican-american woman u.s. trained , u.s. board certified in neurological surgery , youngest recipient of prestigious lifetime achievement award in neurosurgery.




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