European first contact Hammock

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the hammock icon of america herself: engraving theodor galle after stradanus, ca 1630


spanish colonists noted use of hammock native americans, particularly in west indies, @ time of spanish conquest.


columbus, in narrative of first voyage, says: “a great many indians in canoes came ship to-day purpose of bartering cotton, , hamacas, or nets, in sleep.”


the word comes taíno culture arawakan word (haiti) meaning stretch of cloth arawak root -maka.



a hammock in clipper ship days


early hammocks woven out of bark hamack tree, , later material replaced sisal fibers because more abundant. 1 of reasons hammocks became popular in central , south america ability provide safety disease transmission, insect stings, or animal bites. suspending beds above ground, inhabitants better protected snakes, biting ants, , other harmful creatures.



the dream, 1844,

gustave courbet (1819–1877)


the origin of hammock in americas obscured in english-language sources late 18th century onward. samuel johnson claimed word hammock of saxon origin. etymology debunked, , later 19th-century sources attributed invention athenian politician alcibiades. inferred plutarch, wrote alcibiades had galley bed hung ropes, did not describe net or sling. few european sources mention historical use of cloth slings carriage seats, not regular beds.



east german school ship crew in hammocks, 1951.








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