Medieval bishopric Tartu

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the city of tartu in 1533









during period of northern crusades in beginning of 13th century fort of tarbatu (or tharbata, tartu) captured crusading livonian knights — known brothers of sword (german: schwertbrüder) — , recaptured estonians on several occasions. in 1224, after ugaunia had recognized supremacy of novgorod , pskov princes sent additional troops led prince vyachko of kukenois fort, besieged , conquered 1 last time german crusaders. subsequently, known dorpat (latin: tarbatum), tartu became commercial centre of considerable importance during later middle ages , capital of semi-independent bishopric of dorpat.


in 1262 army of prince dmitri of pereslavl, son of alexander nevsky launched assault on dorpat, capturing , destroying town. troops did not manage capture bishop s fortress on toome hill. event recorded both in german , old east slavic chronicles, provided first record of settlement of german merchants , artisans had arisen alongside bishop s fortress.


in medieval times, after livonian order subsumed teutonic knights in 1236, town became important trading city. in 1280s dorpat joined hanseatic league. in of estonia , latvia, largely german-speaking nobility, in tartu/dorpat (as in tallinn) more so, baltic german bourgeoisie, literati, dominated culture, religion, architecture, education, , politics until late 19th century. example, town hall of dorpat designed architect rostock in mecklenburg, while university buildings designed johann wilhelm krause, german. many, if not most, of students, , more 90 percent of faculty members of german descent, , numerous statues of notable scholars german names can still found in tartu today. germans left during first half of 20th century, in particular part of heim ins reich program of nazis, following molotov–ribbentrop pact in 1939.








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