Justinian Marina: the .22Red Patriarch.22 Orthodox Church in Communist Romania

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patriarch justinian communist party leadership @ world youth festival, 1953



justinian marina patriarch of romania starting 1948, time communist party consolidated power in romania. attempted reconcile orthodox church communist dialectical materialism, arguing in communist social order can seen principles of gospels, giving church goals in synch communist government. collected work published under name apostolat social, in argued socialism integral part of christianity. church assisted government-led romanian literacy campaign, reformed monasteries monks , nuns learn useful trade , encouraged clergy social work.


none of justinian s pronouncements mentioned hundreds of thousands imprisoned political reasons. reason, close collaboration government, many believers, particularly greek catholics, saw him communist stooge , opportunist .


the church s policies followed closely ones of government, in external politics: initially, romanian theologians condemned world council of churches , roman catholic church instruments of anglo-american imperialism . 1960s, romania began developing contacts beyond eastern block, church entered ecumenical movement.








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