Habitats Northern California coastal forests (WWF ecoregion)

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1 habitats

1.1 coastal redwood forests
1.2 mixed evergreen forests
1.3 closed-cone conifer forests , woodlands
1.4 maritime chaparral
1.5 coastal grassland
1.6 coastal scrub
1.7 riparian woodlands , shrublands
1.8 live oak woodlands , savannas
1.9 ponderosa pine forests





habitats

redwood forests interspersed several other plant communities throughout ecoregion.


coastal redwood forests

the dominant forest type in ecoregion coastal redwood forest. these tallest forests on earth, individual redwood (sequoia sempervirens) trees reaching heights of 100 metres (330 ft). these forests found in areas exposed coastal fog. in north, occur on upland slopes, in riparian zones, , on riverine terraces. in south, annual precipitation lower, constrained coves , ravines. coast douglas-firs (pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) associated redwoods, in north forests can include sitka spruce (picea sitchensis) , western hemlock (tsuga heterophylla). coast douglas-fir, tanoak (notholithocarpus densiflorus) present. other hardwoods include california bay laurel (umbellularia californica), red alder (alnus rubra), madrone (arbutus menziesii), , bigleaf maple (acer macrophyllum). deep shade cast redwoods results in sparse understory, shade-tolerant species include thimbleberry (rubus parviflorus), redwood sorrel (oxalis oregana), elk clover (aralia californica), dwarf oregon grape (mahonia nervosa), salal (gaultheria shallon), , many ferns, such deer fern (blechnum spicant), sword fern (polystichum munitum), , leathery polypody (polypodium scouleri).


mixed evergreen forests

mixed evergreen forests found inland of redwood forests, on franciscan assemblage soils receive moderate high rainfall. trees variety of needle-leaved , broad-leaved evergreen species. characteristic trees include coast douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), canyon live oak (quercus chrysolepis), tanoak (notholithocarpus densiflorus), madrone (arbutus menziesii), california bay laurel (umbellularia californica), , golden chinquapin (chrysolepis chrysophylla). shrub understory dense , diverse; beaked hazel (corylus cornuta), evergreen huckleberry (vaccinium ovatum), pacific rhododendron (rhododendron macrophyllum), salal (gaultheria shallon), sadler s oak (quercus sadleriana), dwarf oregon-grape (mahonia nervosa), , poison oak (toxicodendron diversilobum) typically found.


closed-cone conifer forests , woodlands

closed-cone pine forests found in small, scattered patches throughout ecoregion, typically adjacent maritime chaparral. common pines lodgepole pine (pinus contorta), bishop pine (pinus muricata), monterey pine (pinus radiata), , knobcone pine (pinus attenuata). these forests home several endemic cypresses, including monterey cypress (cupressus macrocarpa), gowen cypress (cupressus goveniana), , santa cruz cypress (cupressus abramsiana). shrub species include glossyleaf manzanita (arctostaphylos nummularia), bog labrador tea (rhododendron groenlandicum), evergreen huckleberry (vaccinium ovatum), salal (gaultheria shallon), pacific rhododendron (rhododendron macrophyllum), , california bayberry (myrica californica). soil conditions cause these forests take on pygmy form. lichens , mosses both abundant , diverse.


maritime chaparral

maritime chaparral composed of variety of shrubs grow in fog belt. endemic species of manzanita (arctostaphylos) , ceanothus locally common. manzanita species include woolyleaf manzanita (arctostaphylos tomentosa), glossyleaf manzanita (arctostaphylos nummularia), hooker s manzanita (arctostaphylos hookeri), pajaro manzanita (arctostaphylos pajaroensis), montara manzanita (arctostaphylos montaraensis), , others. gasquet manzanita (arctostaphylos hispidula) occurs in southern oregon. among ceanothus, hairy ceanothus (ceanothus oliganthus) common, while mason s ceanothus (ceanothus masonii), carmel ceanothus (ceanothus griseus), , wart-stem ceanothus (ceanothus verrucosus) local endemics. other widespread shrubs , trees include chamise (adenostoma fasciculatum), california buckwheat (eriogonum fasciculatum), black sage (salvia mellifera), coffeeberry (rhamnus californica), buckthorn (rhamnus crocea), , coast live oak (quercus agrifolia). habitat found near closed-cone conifer forests , woodlands.


coastal grassland

northern coastal grasslands, or coastal prairies, found below 1,000 feet (300 m) on coastal terraces or mountain balds. in areas fire has been suppressed, coastal scrub plants invade. common grasses include bentgrass (agrostis spp.), california brome (bromus carinatus), nootka reedgrass (calamagrostis nutkaensis), california oatgrass (danthonia californica), red fescue (festuca rubra), idaho fescue (festuca idahoensis), tufted hair-grass (deschampsia caespitosa), prairie junegrass (koeleria macrantha), tall trisetuem (trisetum canescens). common forbs include douglas iris (iris douglasiana), western blue-eyed grass (sisyrinchium bellum), hairy gumplant (grindelia hirsutula), , footsteps of spring (sanicula arctopoides).


coastal scrub

northern coastal scrub consists of shrublands found @ elevations below 1,500 feet (460 m) on bluffs, terraces, dunes, , hills near coast. habitat subject wind , maritime fog. shrubs evergreen, small-leaved, , sclerophyllous. characteristic species include coyote brush (baccharis pilularis), yellow bush lupine (lupinus arboreus), blueblossom (ceanothus thyrsiflorus), seaside woolly sunflower (eriophyllum stoechadifolium), sticky monkey-flower (mimulus aurantiacus), poison oak (toxicodendron diversilobum), california blackberry (rubus ursinus), thimbleberry (rubus parviflorus), salmonberry (rubus spectabilis), coffeeberry (rhamnus californica), oceanspray (holodiscus discolor), salal (gaultheria shallon), cow parsnip (heracleum maximum), , western sword fern (polystichum munitum). coastal grassland succeeds coastal scrub in absence of fire, , coastal scrub succeeds mixed evergreen forest under further absence of fire.


riparian woodlands , shrublands

riparian woodlands , shrublands mosaic of tree-dominated plant communities , open shrublands found along rivers. species composition varies elevation, slope, floodplain width, , flooding history. nevertheless, common trees include white alder (alnus rhombifolia), red alder (alnus rubra), box elder (acer negundo), fremont cottonwood (populus fremontii), red willow (salix laevigata), coast douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), california sycamore (platanus racemosa), coast live oak (quercus agrifolia), , bigleaf maple (acer macrophyllum). common shrubs include sandbar willow (salix exigua) , arroyo willow (salix lasiolepis).


live oak woodlands , savannas

live oak woodlands , savannas dominated coast live oak (quercus agrifolia). canopy cover varies dense forest open savannas. in forests, california blackberry (rubus ursinus), creeping snowberry (symphoricarpos mollis), toyon (heteromeles arbutifolia), , poison oak (toxicodendron diversilobum) common in understory.


ponderosa pine forests

some of rarest forests occurs in coastal region maritime coast range ponderosa pine forests, example of occurs in carbonera creek watershed of santa cruz county, california.








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