Background United States v. Cruikshank

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on easter sunday, april 13, 1873, armed white militia attacked african-american republican freedmen, had gathered @ grant parish courthouse in colfax, louisiana protect pending democratic takeover. although of black people armed , defended themselves, estimates 100–280 killed, of them following surrender, including 50 being held prisoner night. 3 white people killed. in tense aftermath of months of uncertainty following disputed gubernatorial election of november 1872, when 2 parties declared victory @ state , local levels. election still unsettled in spring, , both republican , fusionists, carried democratic backing, had certified own slates local offices of sheriff (christopher columbus nash) , justice of peace in grant parish, colfax parish seat. federal troops reinforced election of republican governor, william pitt kellogg.


some members of white mob indicted , charged under enforcement act of 1870. act had been designed allow federal enforcement , prosecution of actions of ku klux klan , other secret vigilante groups in preventing black people voting , murdering them. among other provisions, law made felony 2 or more people conspire deprive of constitutional rights. white defendants charged sixteen counts, divided 2 sets of 8 each. among charges included violating freedmen s rights lawfully assemble, vote, , bear arms.








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