Parthian era Sino-Persian relations

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the 138–126 bce travels of zhang qian west, mogao caves, 618–712 ce mural.


the chinese explorer zhang qian, visited neighbouring countries of bactria , sogdiana in 126 bce, made first known chinese report on parthia. in accounts parthia named Ānxī (chinese: 安息), transliteration of arsacid , name of parthian dynasty. zhang qian identifies parthia advanced urban civilization, equates of dayuan (in ferghana) , daxia (in bactria).



anxi situated several thousand li west of region of great yuezhi (in transoxonia). people settled on land, cultivating fields , growing rice , wheat. make wine out of grapes. have walled cities people of dayuan (ferghana), region contains several hundred cities of various sizes. coins of country made of silver , bear face of king. when king dies, currency changed , new coins issued face of successor. people keep records writing on horizontal strips of leather. west lies tiaozi (mesopotamia) , north yancai , lixuan (hyrcania). (shiji, 123, zhang qian quote, trans. burton watson).

following zhang qian s embassy , report, commercial relations between china, central asia, , parthia flourished, many chinese missions sent throughout 1st century bce: largest of these embassies foreign states numbered several hundred persons, while smaller parties included on 100 members… in course of 1 year anywhere 5 6 on ten parties sent out. (shiji, trans. burton watson).


the parthians apparently intent on maintaining relations china , sent own embassies, starting around 110 bc: when han envoy first visited kingdom of anxi (parthia), king of anxi dispatched party of 20,000 horsemen meet them on eastern border of kingdom… when han envoys set out again return china, king of anxi dispatched envoys of own accompany them… emperor delighted @ this. (shiji, 123, trans. burton watson).


parthians played role in silk road transmission of buddhism central asia china. shih kao, parthian nobleman , buddhist missionary, went chinese capital luoyang in 148 ce established temples , became first man translate buddhist scriptures chinese.







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