Grammar Old Church Slavonic

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as ancient indo-european language, ocs has highly inflective morphology. inflected forms divided in 2 groups, nominals , verbs. nominals further divided nouns, adjectives , pronouns. numerals inflect either nouns or pronouns, 1-4 showing gender agreement well.


nominals can declined in 3 grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), 3 numbers (singular, plural, dual) , 7 cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, instrumental, dative, genitive, , locative. there 5 basic inflectional classes nouns: o/jo-stems, a/ja-stems, i-stems, u-stems , consonant stems. forms throughout inflectional paradigm exhibit morphophonemic alternations.


fronting of vowels after palatals , j yielded dual inflectional class o : jo , a : ja, whereas palatalizations affected stem synchronic process (n sg. vlьkъ, v sg. vlьče; l sg. vlьcě). productive classes o/jo-, a/ja- , i-stems. sample paradigms given in table below:



adjectives inflected o/jo-stems (masculine , neuter) , a/ja-stems (feminine), in 3 genders. have short (indefinite) or long (definite) variants, latter being formed suffixing indefinite form anaphoric third-person pronoun jь.


synthetic verbal conjugation expressed in present, aorist , imperfect tenses while perfect, pluperfect, future , conditional tenses/moods made combining auxiliary verbs participles or synthetic tense forms. sample conjugation verb vesti lead (underlyingly ved-ti) given in table below.








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