Main points of interpretative difference Ten Commandments

1 main points of interpretative difference

1.1 sabbath day
1.2 killing or murder
1.3 theft
1.4 idolatry
1.5 adultery

main points of interpretative difference
sabbath day

all abrahamic religions observe weekly day of rest, called sabbath, although actual day of week ranges friday in islam, saturday in judaism (both reckoned dusk dusk), , sunday, midnight midnight, in christianity. sabbath in christianity day of rest work, dedicated religious observance, derived biblical sabbath. non-sabbatarianism principle of christian liberty being bound physical sabbath observance. dictionaries provide both first-day , seventh-day definitions sabbath , sabbatarian , among other related uses.

observing sabbath on sunday, day of resurrection, gradually became dominant christian practice jewish-roman wars onward. church s general repudiation of jewish practices during period apparent in council of laodicea (4th century ad) canons 37–38 state: not lawful receive portions sent feasts of jews or heretics, nor feast them , not lawful receive unleavened bread jews, nor partakers of impiety . canon 29 of laodicean council refers sabbath: christians must not judaize resting on [jewish] sabbath, must work on day, rather honouring lord s day; and, if can, resting christians. if shall found judaizers, let them anathema christ.

killing or murder


the sixth commandment, translated book of common prayer (1549).

the image altar screen of temple church near law courts in london.

multiple translations exist of fifth/sixth commandment; hebrew words לא תרצח‎ (lo tirtzach) variously translated thou shalt not kill or thou shalt not murder .

the imperative against unlawful killing resulting in bloodguilt. hebrew bible contains numerous prohibitions against unlawful killing, not prohibit killing in context of warfare (1kings 2:5–6), capital punishment (leviticus 20:9–16) , self-defence (exodus 22:2–3), considered justified. new testament in agreement murder grave moral evil, , references old testament view of bloodguilt.

theft

some academic theologians, including german old testament scholar albrecht alt: das verbot des diebstahls im dekalog (1953), suggest commandment translated thou shalt not steal intended against stealing people—against abductions , slavery, in agreement talmudic interpretation of statement thou shalt not kidnap (sanhedrin 86a).

idolatry

idolatry forbidden in abrahamic religions. in judaism there prohibition against worshipping idol or representation of god, there no restriction on art or simple depictions. islam has stronger prohibition, banning representations of god, , in cases of muhammad, humans and, in interpretations, living creature.

in christianity s earliest centuries, christians had informally adorned homes , places of worship images of christ , saints, others thought inappropriate. no church council had ruled on whether such practices constituted idolatry. controversy reached crisis level in 8th century, during period of iconoclasm: smashing of icons.

in 726 emperor leo iii ordered images removed churches; in 730 council forbade veneration of images, citing second commandment; in 787 seventh ecumenical council reversed preceding rulings, condemning iconoclasm , sanctioning veneration of images; in 815 leo v called yet council, reinstated iconoclasm; in 843 empress theodora again reinstated veneration of icons. settled matter until protestant reformation, when john calvin declared ruling of seventh ecumenical council emanated satan . protestant iconoclasts @ time destroyed statues, pictures, stained glass, , artistic masterpieces.

the eastern orthodox church celebrates theodora s restoration of icons every year on first sunday of great lent. eastern orthodox tradition teaches while images of god, father, remain prohibited, depictions of jesus incarnation of god visible human permissible. emphasize theological importance of incarnation, orthodox church encourages use of icons in church , private devotions, prefers two-dimensional depiction reminder of theological aspect. icons depict spiritual dimension of subject rather attempting naturalistic portrayal. in modern use (usually result of roman catholic influence), more naturalistic images , images of father, however, appear in orthodox churches, statues, i.e. three-dimensional depictions, continue banned.

the roman catholic church holds 1 may build , use likenesses , long object not worshipped. many roman catholic churches , services feature images; feature statues. roman catholics, practice understood fulfilling second commandment, understand these images not being worshipped.

some protestants picture jesus in human form, while refusing make image of god or jesus in heaven.

strict amish people forbid sort of image, such photographs.

adultery

originally commandment forbade male israelites having sexual intercourse wife of israelite; prohibition did not extend own slaves. sexual intercourse between israelite man, married or not, , woman neither married nor betrothed not considered adultery. concept of adultery stems economic aspect of israelite marriage whereby husband has exclusive right wife, whereas wife, husband s possession, did not have exclusive right husband.