Europe Egoist anarchism

john henry mackay, scottish-german anarchist propagandizer of stirner s philosophy

the scottish born german writer john henry mackay found out stirner while reading copy of friedrich albert lange´s history of materialism , critique of present importance. later looked copy of ego , own , after being fascinated wrote biography of stirner (max stirner - sein leben und sein werk), published in german in 1898. mackay´s propaganda of stirnerist egoism , of male homosexual , bisexual rights influenced adolf brand published world s first ongoing homosexual publication, der eigene in 1896. name of publication taken stirner, had influenced young brand, , refers stirner s concept of self-ownership of individual. der eigene concentrated on cultural , scholarly material, , may have averaged around 1500 subscribers per issue during lifetime. benjamin tucker followed journal united states.

another later german anarchist publication influenced stirner der einzige. appeared in 1919, weekly, sporadically until 1925 , edited cousins anselm ruest (pseud. ernst samuel) , mynona (pseud. salomo friedlaender). title adopted book der einzige und sein eigentum (engl. trans. ego , own) max stirner. influence thought of german philosopher friedrich nietzsche. publication connected local expressionist artistic current , transition towards dada.

stirnerian egoism became main influence on european individualist anarchism including main proponents in 20th century such emile armand, han ryner, , gérard de lacaze-duthiers in france, renzo novatore in italy, miguel giménez igualada in spain , in russia lev chernyi.

novatore—a reader of stirner, not disciple of stirnerism—the affirmation of individual, continuous tension toward freedom, led inevitably struggle against existent, violent battle against authority , against every type of wait-and-see attitude. emile armand ´s stirnerist egoism (as nietzschetianism) can appreciated when writes in anarchist individualism life , activity (1907) when says anarchists pioneers attached no party, non-conformists, standing outside herd morality , conventional , evil a-social . species apart, 1 might say. go forward, stumbling, falling, triumphant, vanquished. go forward, , living themselves, these egoists , dig furrow, open broach through pass deny archism, unique ones succeed them. spanish individualist anarchist miguel gimenez igualada wrote book on stirner. in russia, individualist anarchism inspired stirner combined appreciation friedrich nietzsche attracted small following of bohemian artists , intellectuals such lev chernyi, few lone wolves found self-expression in crime , violence . rejected organizing, believing unorganized individuals safe coercion , domination, believing kept them true ideals of anarchism. (see illegalism)

stirner s influence expressed in different way in spanish , french individualist anarchism. theoretical positions , vital experiences of french individualism iconoclastic , scandalous, within libertarian circles. call of nudist naturism (see anarcho-naturism), strong defense of birth control methods, idea of unions of egoists sole justification of sexual practices, try put in practice, not without difficulties, establish way of thought , action, , result in sympathy within some, , strong rejection within others.

renzo novatore, italian stirnerist nietzschetian individualist anarchist embraced illegalist lifestyle


illegalism

illegalism anarchist practice developed in france, italy, belgium, , switzerland during 1900s found justification in stirner s philosophy. illegalists openly embraced criminality lifestyle. illegalists did not seek moral basis actions, recognizing reality of might rather right ; part, illegal acts done satisfy personal desires , needs, not greater ideal, although committed crimes form of propaganda of deed.

illegalism first rose prominence among generation of europeans inspired unrest of 1890s, during ravachol, Émile henry, auguste vaillant, , caserio committed daring crimes in name of anarchism, in known propaganda of deed. french bonnot gang famous group embrace illegalism.

the illegalists broke anarchists clément duval , marius jacob justified theft theory of la reprise individuelle (english: individual reclamation). instead, illegalists argued actions required no moral basis; illegal acts performed not in name of higher ideal, in pursuit of 1 s own desires.

as reaction this, french anarchist communists attempted distance illegalism , anarchist individualism whole. in august 1913, fédération communiste-anarchistes (fca) condemned individualism bourgeois , more in keeping capitalism communism. article believed have been written peter kropotkin, in british anarchist paper freedom, argued simple-minded young comrades led away illegalists apparent anarchist logic; outsiders felt disgusted anarchist ideas , stopped ears propaganda.