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1 public life 1.1 public appearances 1.2 charity work , patronage 1.3 areas of work 1.3.1 hiv/aids 1.3.2 landmines 1.3.3 cancer 1.3.4 other areas public life public appearances in october 1981, prince , princess visited wales. diana attended state opening of parliament first time on 4 november 1981. first solo engagement visit regent street on 18 november 1981 switch on christmas lights. attended trooping colour first time in june 1982, making appearance on balcony of buckingham palace afterwards. princess made inaugural overseas tour in september 1982, attend state funeral of grace, princess of monaco. in 1982, diana accompanied prince of wales netherlands , created grand cross of order of crown queen beatrix of netherlands. in 1983, accompanied prince on tour of australia , new zealand prince william, met representatives of māori people. visit canada in june , july 1983 included trip edmonton open 1983 summer universiade , stop in newfoundland commemorate 400th anniversary of island ...

the following table lists countries have participated in contest @ least once. shading indicates countries have withdrawn contest. france , switzerland participated in contest once, in 2004. denmark, host country of first contest in 2003, has not been @ contest since 2005, along norway , united kingdom, participated in 2003. poland withdrew after 2004 contest, due placing last in both 2003 , 2004, returned in 2016. croatia, first winner of contest, returned contest in 2014 after 9 years out of contest. however, country placed last , withdrew again. serbia , montenegro performed once in 2005, dissolved in 2006, causing serbia , montenegro compete separately 2006 contest onwards. montenegro make debut independent nation in 2014. the original scandinavian broadcasters left contest in 2006 because found treatment of contestants unethical, , revived mgp nordic competition, had not been produced since junior eurovision song contest began. sweden, however, returned contest following year new ...

1 styles 1.1 ikebana 1.2 english garden 1.3 modern/european style 1.4 modern/dutch style styles many nations have own style of floral arranging. dependent on flower varieties readily available, , culture of nation. ikebana child learning art of ikebana. today, florists in japan sell pre-arranged or done-while-you-wait ikebanas go. ikebana style of floral design originated in japan. best known simplicity of line , form, ikebana design style practiced personal enjoyment. has 3 parts of alignment: heaven, man, , earth. english garden english garden style traditionally english form of floral design. stems placed in radial fashion , feature abundant use of seasonal flowers , foliages. these designs done low, tufted mounds, or taller vase arrangements all-sided (360°), , incorporate garden flowers roses, gardenia, camellia, delphinium , peonies. flowers arranged minimal space between blooms , foliage used accent flowers these main feature. modern/european style modern/european style floristr...

1 life , works 1.1 youth (1863–1900) 1.2 belle Époque (1900–1914) 1.3 world war (1914–1918) 1.4 années folles (1918–1934) life , works youth (1863–1900) caricature of various individuals playing roulette sem, 1920 georges goursat born , raised in upper-middle-class family périgueux. wealth inherited father @ age of 21 allowed him sustain gilded youth. in 1888 self published in périgueux first 3 albums of caricatures, signing sem (figure, left), allegedly tribute amédée de noé signed caricatures le monde illustré cham . from 1890 1898, settled few years in bordeaux. during period, published more albums , first press caricatures in la petite gironde (fr) , discovered work of leonetto cappiello. style matured, becoming both simpler , more precise. during same period, made trips paris. in 1891, designed 2 posters printed in workshop of jules chéret (figure, right) singer paulus (fr). published first caricatures of artists in l illustration (albert brasseur (fr)) , le rire ...

gd amarante of mindelo celebrated 75th anniversary of club s foundation january: onze estrelas participated in boa vista island league , cup first time may 1: África show won cup title boa vista july: 12 7 stars won basketball title 2011 season november 25: celtic fc , gd varanda, clubs of praia s neighborhood of achadinha de baixo northwest of center played match in honor of djack december 2: 2011–12 santiago island league (south) season began ^ futebol: África show vence taça bubista 2010/11 ( África show won 2010/11 boa vista (bubista) cup . semana. 2 may 2011. retrieved 10 september 2015.  (in portuguese) ^ video of 7 star s victory (in portuguese). rtc. 1 august 2011.  ^ equipas de achadinha jogam torneio em homenagem ao djack [achadinha s teams played tournament in honor of djack]. semana (in portuguese). 25 november 2011. retrieved 9 january 2015. 

1 prehistoric settlement 1.1 mesolithic 1.2 neolithic , bronze ages 1.3 iron age , romano-british periods prehistoric settlement the site @ west stow has shown evidence of human habitation throughout british prehistory. indeed, wider lark valley contains greatest known concentration of prehistoric settlements in region of east anglia. mesolithic excavation @ west stow has discovered evidence hunter-gatherers living in area during mesolithic, or middle stone age period. temporarily camping on knoll, left behind them 5 or 6 dense concentrations of sauveterrian-style waste lithic flakes, blades, cores , other stone implements. similar scatters of mesolithic worked flints have been found across valley area. neolithic , bronze ages grooved ware , petit tranchet-style arrowheads dating neolithic age have been found in field adjacent west stow site. iron age , romano-british periods

1 united kingdom 1.1 supremacy of commons 1.2 expansion of electoral franchise 1.3 irish independence , partition 1.4 european law 1.5 devolution , other new labour reforms 1.5.1 first term 1.5.2 second term 1.6 conservative-liberal democrat reforms 1.6.1 royal succession in commonwealth realms 1.7 further devolution 1.7.1 scottish independence referendum 1.8 eu referendum the united kingdom the united kingdom created union in january 1801 of kingdom of great britain kingdom of ireland, had been ruled english , british monarchs since middle ages, passing of act of union 1800. created parliament of united kingdom. supremacy of commons the parliament acts 1911 , 1949 asserted supremacy of house of commons limiting legislation-blocking powers of house of lords. life peerages act 1958 allowed creation of life peers gave prime minister ability change composition of house of lords. expansion of electoral franchise between 1832 , 1928, numerous acts of parliament repealed voting restrictions ...

pollice verso (thumbs down) jean-léon gérôme, 1872 the colosseum used host gladiatorial shows variety of other events. shows, called munera, given private individuals rather state. had strong religious element demonstrations of power , family prestige, , immensely popular population. popular type of show animal hunt, or venatio. utilized great variety of wild beasts, imported africa , middle east, , included creatures such rhinoceros, hippopotamuses, elephants, giraffes, aurochs, wisents, barbary lions, panthers, leopards, bears, caspian tigers, crocodiles , ostriches. battles , hunts staged amid elaborate sets movable trees , buildings. such events on huge scale; trajan said have celebrated victories in dacia in 107 contests involving 11,000 animals , 10,000 gladiators on course of 123 days. during lunch intervals, executions ad bestias staged. condemned death sent arena, naked , unarmed, face beasts of death literally tear them pieces. other performances take place acrobats , magicia...

suárez playing @ 2008 wimbledon championships at french open, suárez navarro reached quarterfinals of first grand slam main draw tournament. after won 3 qualifying matches, defeated former world no. 1 amélie mauresmo of france in second round 6–3, 6–4, australian casey dellacqua in third round, , 26th-seeded italian flavia pennetta in fourth round 6–3, 6–2. suárez navarro lost third-seeded jelena janković in quarterfinals 3–6, 2–6. @ wimbledon, lost second-seeded janković in second round 1–6, 3–6. suárez navarro reached second grand slam quarterfinal of career @ 2009 australian open before being defeated elena dementieva 6–2, 6–2. upset venus williams in second round 2–6, 6–3, 7–5. first win on top-10 player. in march, suárez navarro reached first final on wta tour @ andalucia tennis experience, clay court event in marbella, spain. lost jelena janković in final 3–6, 6–3, 3–6. at roland garros seeded 22, defeated edina gallovits 6–1, 6–4 , lucie hradecká 6–2, 6–4, before losing victoria...

barbara rush johnnie ray olof palme january 1 vernon l. smith, american economist, nobel prize laureate doak walker, american football player (d. 1998) january 4 – barbara rush, american actress january 5 – satguru sivaya subramuniyaswami, american-born hindu guru (d. 2001) january 8 – tim flood, irish hurler (d. 2014) january 10 gisele mackenzie, canadian-born singer (d. 2003) johnnie ray, american singer (d. 1990) otto stich, member of swiss federal council (d. 2012) january 13 brock adams, american politician (d. 2004) sydney brenner, south african biologist, nobel prize laureate january 15 – kirti nidhi bista, nepali politician (d. 2017) january 17 thomas anthony dooley iii, american physician , humanitarian (d. 1961) eartha kitt, african-american actress , singer (d. 2008) january 24 marvin kaplan, american actor (d. 2016) lasse pöysti, finnish writer , playwright january 25 vivian brown, american celebrity icon (d. 2014) marian brown, american celebrity icon (d. 2013) antônio car...

february – werner heisenberg formulates famous uncertainty principle while employed lecturer @ niels bohr s institute theoretical physics @ university of copenhagen. february 12 – first british troops land in shanghai. february 14 – earthquake in yugoslavia kills 100. february 19 a general strike in shanghai protests presence of british troops. in united states, silent romantic comedy film starring clara bow, released, popularising concept of girl . february 23 – u.s. federal radio commission (later renamed federal communications commission) begins regulate use of radio frequencies.

1 behavior 1.1 group structure 1.2 mating , parenting 1.3 communication 1.4 intelligence , culture behavior group structure japanese macaques grooming japanese macaques live in matrilineal societies, , females stay in natal groups life, while males move out before sexually mature. macaque groups tend contain number of adults of both sexes. in addition, japanese macaque troop contains several matrilines. these matrilines may exist in dominance hierarchy members of specific group ranking on members of lower-ranking group. temporary all-male groups exist, composed of have left natal groups , transfer group. however, many males spend ample time away group , may leave , join several groups. japanese macaques @ jigokudani hotspring in nagano have become notable winter visits spa. jigokudani males within group have dominance hierarchy, 1 male having alpha status. dominance status of male macaques changes when former alpha male leaves or dies. other ways in status changes when alpha male loses...

Église sainte-jeanne-d arc de versailles, place Élisabeth-brasseur. marie josèphe jeanne Élisabeth brasseur born in verdun in lorraine, jean marie joseph brasseur, transport entrepreneur, , marguerite maria grosjean. maternal side taste music came her, since grandfather ernest grosjean organist of cathédrale notre-dame de verdun. s 1 started studying music with. continued studies of singing , piano @ versailles conservatory (fr). in 1920, founded women s choir of Église sainte-jeanne-d arc de versailles (fr) later became mixed , took name chorale Élisabeth brasseur (fr) in 1943. formation become 1 of famous choir formations of post-war period. under direction of andré cluytens, directed choir of aix-en-provence festival in production of mireille charles gounod. pierre dervaux, directed chœur du conservatoire de paris in production of dido , Æneas henry purcell @ aix-en-provence festival in 1960, recorded on disc. for long contribution choral music, city of versailles, rem...

the modern santa bárbara cultural station . in 1866, region started populated north-american immigrants defunct confederate states of america, fleeing aftermath of american civil war. first immigrant arrive lawyer , ex-state senator alabama, colonel william hutchinson norris. norris installed himself in lands near seat of machadinho estate , quilombo river. in 1867 rest of family arrived in brazil, accompanied other families confederate states. these families settled in region, bringing agricultural innovations , kind of watermelon known georgia s rattlesnake . in 1875, decade after arrival of confederate immigrants in region, são paulo railways company completed expansion of main railway city of rio claro. station built within lands of machadinho estate. despite belonging municipality of campinas, station made serve estates in municipality of santa bárbara d oeste, further away , had no station of own. the inauguration of station counted emperor dom pedro ii , gaston, comte d eu amo...

jackson promoted damita jo while in tokyo, japan (pictured). in march 2004, jackson performed little while on various shows; including top of pops, cd:uk, channel 4, , les années tubes. jackson appeared on late show david letterman, , 106 & park. in canada, jackson performed little while , want , , nite (don t stop) on on demand, subsequently performing nite (don t stop) on canada , tonight show jay leno. jackson made in-store appearance , signing @ hmv music store in harlem, new york. on march 31, 2004, jackson performed nite (don t stop) , want on morning america, , later on on air ryan seacrest. jackson performed nite (don t stop) , strawberry bounce on saturday night live; participating in several skits. episode nominated emmy award. jackson recorded live performance msn, , performed nite (don t stop) , @ annual wango tango concert. jackson taped performance of little while hey! hey! hey! , made unannounced appearance @ japanese video music awards perform ...

palatalization russian speakers palatalize consonants in loanwords had never been palatized (as [mɐˈdʲern] instead of [mɐˈdɛrn] модерн) under influence of spelling. russian has 5 so-called hard vowels (а, э, ы, у, о), follow hard or unpalatized consonants, each corresponding soft vowel (я, е, и, ю, ё respectively), follow soft or palatized consonants. however, hard vowel э has orthographic limits allowing written @ beginning of word or after vowel (as in cyrillic spelling of aeroflot). in many loanwords, soft vowel e written read if э.

1 drafts year 1.1 expansion draft 1.2 2002 1.3 2003 1.4 2004 1.5 2005 1.6 2006 1.7 2007 1.8 2008 1.9 2009 1.10 2010 1.11 2011 1.12 2012 1.13 2013 1.14 2014 1.15 2015 1.16 2016 1.17 2017 drafts year * asterisk indicates player selected pro bowl member of team. expansion draft 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

^ johnson, simon (18 march 2014). labour unveils devolution plans tax rich scots . daily telegraph. telegraph media group. retrieved 18 march 2014.  ^ whitaker, andrew (18 march 2014). labour reveal devolution commission findings . scotsman. johnston press. retrieved 18 march 2014.  ^ independent scotland may keep pound ensure stability . guardian. guardian. 29 march 2014. retrieved 26 april 2014. 

1 coaching career 1.1 footscray: 1984–1989 1.2 west coast eagles: 1990–1999 1.3 collingwood: 2000–2011 1.4 carlton: 2013–2015 coaching career footscray: 1984–1989 he footscray s senior coach 1984 1989. during time @ bulldogs known tough stance on many players, including doug hawkins. teams final standings in years in charge 7th (1984), 3rd (1985), 8th (1986), 7th (1987), 8th (1988) , 13th (1989). impressed dedication , professionalism. malthouse left financially stricken club @ end of 1989, weeks before announced intentions merge fitzroy; merger never went ahead due supporter fightback, , malthouse criticized assistant coach terry wheeler not sticking club during time of need. west coast eagles: 1990–1999 for ten years 1990 senior coach west coast eagles. during tenure coach eagles made finals every year, including 1992 , 1994 premierships , 1991 grand finalists. final minor premiership ladder positions 3rd, 1st, 4th, 6th, 1st, 5th, 4th, 5th, 7th , 5th (1990–1999). collingwood: 2000–20...

^ cohen 2013. ^ russia: principal towns: european russia . statesman s year-book. london: macmillan , co. 1921.  ^ hickey 2001. ^ smolensk oblast . territories of russian federation. europa territories of world (13th ed.). routledge. 2012. p. 78. isbn 978-1-85743-646-4.  ^ История [history] (in russian). smolensk: Смоленская областная филармония (smolensk regional philharmonic). retrieved 30 march 2015.  ^ julie anne sadie; stanley sadie (2005). calling on composer: guide european composer houses , museums. yale university press. isbn 978-0-300-10750-0.  ^ population of capital cities , cities of 100,000 , more inhabitants . demographic yearbook 1965. new york: statistical office of united nations. 1966.  ^ united nations department of economic , social affairs, statistical office (1987). population of capital cities , cities of 100,000 , more inhabitants . 1985 demographic yearbook. new york. pp. 247–289. 

1 professional wrestling career 1.1 independent circuit (2002–2016) 1.2 wwe 1.2.1 nxt (2016–present) professional wrestling career independent circuit (2002–2016) budgen wrestled extensively on independent circuit in united kingdom , europe under ring name tommy end, working promotions insane championship wrestling, progress wrestling, westside xtreme wrestling, on top wrestling , revolution pro wrestling among others. worked international promotions, such north america s combat zone wrestling, evolve , pro wrestling guerrilla japanese promotion big japan pro wrestling. end held numerous championships, among other accolades former: wxw unified world heavyweight champion, wxw world light heavyweight champion, wxw world tag team champion, icw tag team champion, progress tag team champion. wwe nxt (2016–present) in june 2016, reported budgen had signed wwe. reported wwe performance center on 19 october. on november 3, end appeared on house show @ ft. pierce, florida , cut promo saying cam...

the city of tartu in 1533 during period of northern crusades in beginning of 13th century fort of tarbatu (or tharbata, tartu) captured crusading livonian knights — known brothers of sword (german: schwertbrüder) — , recaptured estonians on several occasions. in 1224, after ugaunia had recognized supremacy of novgorod , pskov princes sent additional troops led prince vyachko of kukenois fort, besieged , conquered 1 last time german crusaders. subsequently, known dorpat (latin: tarbatum), tartu became commercial centre of considerable importance during later middle ages , capital of semi-independent bishopric of dorpat. in 1262 army of prince dmitri of pereslavl, son of alexander nevsky launched assault on dorpat, capturing , destroying town. troops did not manage capture bishop s fortress on toome hill. event recorded both in german , old east slavic chronicles, provided first record of settlement of german merchants , artisans had arisen alongside bishop s fortress. in medieval times,...

negotiation of gorilla agreement, paris, 22–26 october 2007 to implement decision of conference of parties of cms list gorilla on appendix of convention , taking consideration unfavourable conservation status , conviction gorilla benefit international cooperation achieved multilateral agreement, article iv agreement concluded in 2007. text of legally binding agreement negotiated on meeting in paris between 22–26 october 2007, under auspices of cms , attended 9 of ten gorilla range states. final act signed on 24 october 2007 , entered force on 1 june 2008, after ratification 3 range states. of august 2012, gorilla agreement has 6 parties. signatures without reservation : central african republic (26 october 2007) republic of congo (26 october 2007) nigeria (5 march 2008) democratic republic of congo (25 april 2008) rwanda (25 september 1234* gabon (1 november 2008) ^ http://www.cms.int/publications/bulletin/2007_10_october%20_e.pd

bibliography brigham, johnson (1911). des moines: pioneer of municipal progress , reform of middle west, history of polk county, iowa, largest, populous , prosperous county in state of iowa, volume 2. s. j. clarke publishing company.  dyer, frederick (1908). compendium of war of rebellion : compiled , arranged official records of federal , confederate armies, reports of adjutant generals of several states, army registers, , other reliable documents , sources. dyer publishing corporation.  harlan, edgar (1920). annals of iowa, volume 12 number 6. historical department of iowa.  mckenney, tom (2010). jack hinson s one-man war. pelican publishing. isbn 1455606464. retrieved 14 june 2016.  portrait , biographical album of jefferson , van buren counties, iowa. chicago: lake city publishing company. 1890. retrieved 15 august 2016.  powell, william (1893). officers of army , navy (regular , volunteer) served in civil war. philadelphia, pa., l.r. hamersly ...

national colors carried twombly during battle of fort donelson on february 15, 1862, army of tennessee attacked fort donelson in tennessee. during battle, twombly picked , carried regiment s national colors after color sergeant , 2 other corporals had been killed or injured enemy. twombly knocked ground cannon fire, managed carry flag duration of battle. actions during battle, twombly promoted sergeant , later awarded medal of honor in 1897. citation reads: took colors after 3 of color guard had fallen, , although instantly knocked down spent ball, arose , bore colors end of engagement. twombly carried regiment s colors during april 1862 battle of shiloh , participated in siege of corinth, mississippi acting second lieutenant. in october 1862, twombly received knee injury during second battle of corinth. hospitalized , placed on leave 6 weeks him recover injury. in 1863, twombly s regiment formally stationed in corinth, , engaged in numerous actions against cavalry forces of confederat...

1 refills , third party replacements 1.1 environmental impact 1.1.1 facts 1.1.2 new laws refills , third party replacements infusing inkjet printer because printer cartridges original manufacturer expensive, demand exists cheaper third party options. these include ink sold in bulk, cartridge refill kits, machines in stores automatically refill cartridges, remanufactured cartridges, , cartridges made entity other original manufacturer. consumers can refill ink cartridges kit, or can take cartridge refiller or remanufacturer ink pumped cartridges made of components used cartridge products. pc world reports refilled cartridges have higher failure rates, print fewer pages new cartridges, , demonstrate more on-page problems streaking, curling, , color bleed. another option consumer purchase bulk ink (in pints, quarts, or gallons) , refill cartridges themselves. can extremely cost-effective if consumer heavy user of cartridges, although care required while refilling avoid ink stains on han...

^ lab @ horse trade . theatermania.  ^ cite error: named reference doollee invoked never defined (see page). ^ willis, john (2009). theatre world: volume 63, 2006–2007. applause theatre & cinema books. isbn 1557837287.  ^ tiny theater @ ontological! . theatermania.  ^ 4th annual new york one-minute play festival .  ^ reid, kevin (june 27, 2014). ottawa fringe-coma 2014 – dicky dicky . visitorium.  ^ 2nd new york city indie theatre 1 minute play festival . new ohio theatre. retrieved 14 may 2016.  ^ 3rd new york city indie theatre 1 minute play festival . new ohio theatre. retrieved 13 march 2017. 

1 reception 1.1 ratings 1.2 critical response 1.3 accolades reception ratings in united states episode received 1.6/5 percent share among adults between ages of 18 , 49, meaning seen 1.6 percent of households, , 5 percent of of watching television @ time of broadcast. watched 4.58 million viewers. canadian broadcast gained 2.22 million viewers, fourth highest day, , 8 highest week. critical response flashback sequences in episode, featuring reed diamond werner reinhardt, noted critics revelations overarching storylines, connections mcu, , bold directorial choices series. james hunt gave mixed review of episode @ den of geek, focusing on place in series , overarching storylines moving @ point. positive of character development, coulson , whitehall, , ended review saying m not entirely sure kyle maclachlan s character, @ least s fun watch. s actors treat s.h.i.e.l.d. melodrama seem work best, , maclachlan s got happening in spades. don t know how m supposed feel character, when turns up...

the austrian littoral, gorizia , istria in pink , carniola in yellow the ethnic , political re-definition of adriatic littoral considered during war on theoretical level. in telegram sent on 9 september 1943 foreign minister ribbentrop, gauleiter rainer suggests future establishment of reich protectorates in gorizia, istria , carniola, based on subdivisions of austrian-hungarian empire. initial german occupation policy, however, favored incorporating area reichsgau of carinthia. ethnic complexity of region used minimize italian influence, promote ethnic segmentation, , introduce germandom stabilizing force. strategy based on understanding of history of medieval germany , habsburg monarchy, german lords , nobles seen have made economic , administrative development of region possible. the future of province of udine (central , western friuli, today provinces of udine , pordenone) uncertain, evident strategy similar other areas of operational zone pursued. in mentioned telegram, rainer em...

seaborg in lab seaborg remained @ university of california, berkeley, post-doctoral research. followed frederick soddy s work investigating isotopes , contributed discovery of more 100 isotopes of elements. using 1 of lawrence s advanced cyclotrons, john livingood, fred fairbrother, , seaborg created new isotope of iron, iron-59 (fe-59) in 1937. iron-59 useful in studies of hemoglobin in human blood. in 1938, livingood , seaborg collaborated (as did 5 years) create important isotope of iodine, iodine-131 (i-131), still used treat thyroid disease. (many years later, credited prolonging life of seaborg s mother.) result of these , other contributions, seaborg regarded pioneer in nuclear medicine , 1 of prolific discoverers of isotopes. in 1939 became instructor in chemistry @ berkeley, promoted assistant professor in 1941 , professor in 1945. university of california, berkeley, physicist edwin mcmillan led team discovered element 93, named neptunium in 1940. in november, persuaded leave ...

1 basis , local influences 1.1 great moravia 1.1.1 moravian recension 1.2 first bulgarian empire 1.2.1 bulgarian recension 1.2.2 macedonian recension 1.3 later recensions 1.3.1 serbian recension 1.3.2 russian recension 1.3.3 middle bulgarian 1.3.4 bosnian recension 1.3.5 croatian recension basis , local influences written evidence of old church slavonic survives in relatively small body of manuscripts, of them written in first bulgarian empire during late 10th , 11th centuries. language has southern slavic basis admixture of western slavic features inherited during mission of saints cyril , methodius great moravia (863–885). the well-preserved manuscript of moravian recension, kiev folia, characterised replacement of southern slavic phonetic , lexical features western slavic ones. manuscripts written in second bulgarian empire (1185-1396) have, on other hand, few western slavic features. old church slavonic valuable historical linguists since preserves archaic features believed have on...

senator elmer thomas seen here on left. standing claude m. hurst , john collier, members of senate indian affairs committee, , unassociated (directly) thomas amendment. attached title iii act, thomas amendment became third horse in new deal s farm relief bill. drafted senator elmer thomas of oklahoma, amendment blended populist easy-money views theories of new economics. thomas wanted stabilized honest dollar, 1 fair debtor , creditor alike. the amendment said whenever president desired currency expansion, must first authorize federal open market committee of federal reserve purchase $3 billion of federal obligations. should open market operations prove insufficient, president had several options. have u.s. treasury issue $3 billion in greenbacks, reduce gold content of dollar as 50 percent, or accept 100 million dollars in silver @ price not exceed fifty cents per ounce in payment of world war debts owed european nations. the thomas amendment used sparingly. treasury received lim...